Chapter 11: Verses 251-255

The teachings on Chapter 11 of Aryadeva's Four Hundred Stanzas on the Middle Way refute truly existent functional phenomena by refuting truly existent time.

  • The absurd consequences that result from positing truly existent future, present, and past
  • Refuting lower Buddhist schools’ assertions about the future

63 Aryadeva’s 400 Stanzas: Verses 251-255 (download)

Venerable Thubten Chodron

Venerable Chodron emphasizes the practical application of Buddha’s teachings in our daily lives and is especially skilled at explaining them in ways easily understood and practiced by Westerners. She is well known for her warm, humorous, and lucid teachings. She was ordained as a Buddhist nun in 1977 by Kyabje Ling Rinpoche in Dharamsala, India, and in 1986 she received bhikshuni (full) ordination in Taiwan. Read her full bio.