Chapter 13: Verses 320-325

The teachings on Chapter 13 of Aryadeva's Four Hundred Stanzas on the Middle Way refute the inherent existence of senses and objects.

  • Neither the sense consciousness or sense organs apprehend objects by way of their own entity
  • Refuting the true existence of the mental factor of discrimination that discerns sense objects
  • Comparing emptiness of inherent existence to seeing things as like illusions and dreams
  • Chapter summarizing verse

80 Aryadeva’s 400 Stanzas: Verses 320-325 (download)

Venerable Thubten Chodron

Venerable Chodron emphasizes the practical application of Buddha’s teachings in our daily lives and is especially skilled at explaining them in ways easily understood and practiced by Westerners. She is well known for her warm, humorous, and lucid teachings. She was ordained as a Buddhist nun in 1977 by Kyabje Ling Rinpoche in Dharamsala, India, and in 1986 she received bhikshuni (full) ordination in Taiwan. Read her full bio.

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